Loading
A grad application looks a little different from your college one — the statement of purpose does the heavy lifting, your recommenders matter more, and fit with specific faculty can make or break it. Here’s what each piece is and how to make it strong.
Statement of purpose (the centerpiece)
Not a personal essay — a focused argument for why this program, why this research, and why you’re ready. Name specific faculty whose work matches yours. This is what readers weigh most, so draft it early and revise it hard.
Letters of recommendation
Usually three, ideally from professors or supervisors who can speak to your research or professional ability — not just that you got an A. Ask early, give them your SOP and CV, and a clear deadline. Strong, specific letters carry real weight.
CV or résumé
A grad CV highlights research, publications, presentations, relevant work, and skills — different from a job résumé. Show what you’ve done in the field, not just where you’ve been.
Transcripts and test scores
Official transcripts from every college attended, plus the GRE or a field-specific test if the program requires one (many no longer do). Check each program’s exact requirements — they vary a lot.
Contact faculty before you apply
Especially for research master’s and PhD programs, the professor you’d work with often has a say in admissions and funding. A brief, specific email about their research — and whether they’re taking students — can shape your whole application. It’s normal and expected.
Email potential advisors before you apply — a short, specific note about their research can tell you whether they’re taking students and put your name in front of them.
Grad deadlines are often December–January for fall start, earlier than undergrad — and funding deadlines can be earlier still.
Apply to a realistic range of programs by fit and funding, not just by name recognition.
Tailor the statement of purpose to each program — a generic SOP is obvious and weak.
A grad acceptance with no funding can mean tens of thousands in debt. Before you fall for a program, find out how its students are funded and whether your application timeline hits the funding deadlines. The best application is to a program that will actually pay for you to be there.
Build the cluster: decide between a master’s and a PhD, understand the GRE, and learn how to pay for grad school.